A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into “specific” agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and “nonspecific” agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)
| DRUG | DRUG DESCRIPTION |
|---|---|
| 3,5-Dinitrocatechol | Not Available |
| 3-Methylfentanyl | 3-Methylfentanyl is an opioid analgesic and is an analog of the potent opioid, fentanyl. 3-Methylfentanyl is one of the most powerful opioid drugs sold illegally and is estimated to be… |
| 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine | Not Available |
| 4-Methoxyamphetamine | Not Available |
| 4-Methylaminorex | Not Available |
| 7-Nitroindazole | Not Available |
| Acamprosate | A medication used to maintain alcohol abstinence in patients with alcohol dependence. |
| Acepromazine | Acepromazine was first used in humans in the 1950s as an antipsychotic agent. It is now rarely used in humans. Acepromazine is frequently used in animals as a sedative and… |
| Aceprometazine | Aceprometazine is often used in combination with meprobamate for the treatment of sleep disorders. |
| Acetaminophen | An analgesic drug used alone or in combination with opioids for pain management, and as an antipyretic agent. |
| Acetazolamide | A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used to treat edema from heart failure or medications, certain types of epilepsy, and glaucoma. |
| Acetylcarnitine | An acetylated form of the amino acid derivative L-carnitine that assists in mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. It is under investigation as a treatment for numerous conditions, including neuropathy, depression, and dementia. |
| Adenosine | A medication used in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and to treat supraventricular tachycardia. |
| Adinazolam | For the treatment of anxiety and status epilepticus. |
| Adipiplon | Investigated for use/treatment in insomnia and sleep disorders. |
| Agomelatine | Agomelatine is indicated to treat major depressive episodes in adults. |
| Alaproclate | Alaproclate was developed as one of the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants by Astra AB (now AstraZeneca) in the 1970s. Development was discontinued due to concerns over hepatotoxicity… |
| Alcuronium | A non-depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant similar to tubocurarine. It is used as an anesthesia adjuvant. |
| Alfaxalone | Alfaxalone, also known as alphaxalone or alphaxolone, is a neuroactive steroid and general anaesthetic. It is used in veterinary practice under the trade name Alfaxan, and is licensed for use… |
| Alfentanil | An opioid agonist used to induce and maintain anesthesia, as well as an analgesic. |
| Alizapride | A dopamine antagonist used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with medical procedures, surgeries, and cancer therapies. |
| Almitrine | For the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
| Alphacetylmethadol | A narcotic analgesic with a long onset and duration of action. It is used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence. [PubChem] |
| Alphaprodine | Not Annotated |
| Alprazolam | A triazolobenzodiazepine with intermediate onset commonly used to treat panic disorders and generalized anxiety in addition to anxiety associated with depression. |
| Amantadine | A medication used to treat dyskinesia in Parkinson’s patients receiving levodopa, as well as extrapyramidal side effects of medications. |
| Amineptine | For the treatment of depression. |
| Amisulpride | A dopamine D2 receptor antagonist used in the treatment of acute and chronic schizophrenia, and in the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults. |
| Amitriptyline | A tricyclic antidepressant indicated in the treatment of depressive illness, either endogenous or psychotic, and to relieve depression associated anxiety. |
| Amobarbital | A barbiturate derivative used for the induction of sedation during procedures, short-term management of insomnia, and acute management of refractory tonic-clonic seizures. |
| Amoxapine | A tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of neurotic or reactive depressive disorders and endogenous or psychotic depression. |
| Amperozide | Amperozide is a diphenylbutylpiperazine atypical antipsychotic which antagonizes 5-HT2A receptors. It inhibits dopamine release and alters the firing of dopaminergic neurons. Investigations regarding the use of the agent revolved primarily… |
| Amphetamine | A CNS stimulant and sympathomimetic agent indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). |
| Aniracetam | A nootropic drug used to ameliorate memory and attention disturbances accompanying cerebrovascular diseases and degenerative brain disorders. |
| Anthranilic acid | Not Available |
| Apomorphine | A morphine derivative D2 dopamine agonist used to treat hypomobile “off” episodes of advanced Parkinson’s disease. |
| Aprepitant | A substance P/neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy and surgery. |
| Arbaclofen Placarbil | Investigated for the treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis, acute back spasms, and GERD. |
| Aripiprazole | An atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of a wide variety of mood and psychotic disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar I, major depressive disorder, irritability associated with autism, and Tourette’s syndrome. |
| Aripiprazole lauroxil | An antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia in adults. |
| Armodafinil | A stimulant used to improve wakefulness in adult patients with excessive sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work disorder. |
| Articaine | A local anesthetic used for inducing local, infiltrative, or conductive anesthesia in both simple and complex dental procedures. |
| Asenapine | An atypical antipsychotic used to treat patients with bipolar I disorder and patients with schizophrenia. |
| Atropine | A muscarinic antagonist used to treat poisoning by muscarinic agents, including organophosphates and other drugs. |
| Azaperone | Azaperone is a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone agent that is capable of eliciting neuroleptic sedative and antiemetic effects. It is subsequently employed predominantly as a veterinary tranquilizer and mainly for pigs… |
| Azasetron | Not Annotated |
| Baclofen | A GABA-ergic agonist used to manage severe spasticity of cerebral or spinal origin in adult and pediatric patients. |
| Bamifylline | A methylxanthine derivative indicated in the treatment of bronchial asthma and other conditions with bronchospasm. |
| Barbital | A long-acting barbiturate that depresses most metabolic processes at high doses. It is used as a hypnotic and sedative and may induce dependence. Barbital is also used in veterinary practice… |
| Bemegride | Bemegride is a CNS stimulant that is used to induce convulsions in experimental animals. It has also been used as a respiratory stimulant and in the treatment of barbiturate overdose. |
| Benactyzine | Benactyzine is an anticholinergic drug used as an antidepressant in the treatment of depression and associated anxiety. Benactyzine is no longer widely used in medicine, although it is still a… |
| Benperidol | A neuroleptic butyrophenone derivative indicated in the treatment of psychoses, manic episodes, and psychomotor agitation. |
| Benserazide | A medication used to treat Parkinson’s disease, parkinsonism, and restless leg syndrome. |
| Bentazepam | Not Annotated |
| Benzatropine | An anticholinergic drug used to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD) and extrapyramidal symptoms, except tardive dyskinesia. |
| Benzocaine | A topical local anesthetic used for the temporary relief of pain and itching associated with minor burns, sunburn, scrapes and insect bites or minor skin irritations. |
| Benzonatate | A non-narcotic oral antitussive drug used to suppress coughing. |
| Benzphetamine | A sympathomimetic used to manage exogenous obesity short term. |
| Benzyl alcohol | An antiparasitic agent used for the topical treatment of head lice infestation in patients 6 months of age and older. |
| Bezitramide | A narcotic analgesic once used for the treatment of severe chronic pain. |
| Bicuculline | Bicuculline is a light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and… |
| Bifemelane | Not Annotated |
| Biperiden | A muscarinic receptor antagonist used to treat parkinsonism and control extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic drugs. |
| Botulinum toxin type B | A purified form of botulinum toxin type B used to block acetylcholine release in the treatment of cervical dystonia and sialorrhea. |
| Brexanolone | Brexanolone is a synthetic neuroactive steroid gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(a)) receptor positive modulator indicated for the treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) in adult women [FDA Label][A176080, A176083, F4063, F4066, F4072]. |
| Brilaroxazine | Investigated for the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. |
| Brivaracetam | An anticonvulsant used for the treatment of partial-onset seizures that functions by binding to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) in the brain. |
| Bromazepam | A short-acting benzodiazepine with intermediate onset commonly used to treat panic disorders and severe anxiety. |
| Bromfenac | An NSAID used to treat postoperative pain and inflammation of the eye. |
| Bromisoval | Not Annotated |
| Bromocriptine | A dopamine D2 receptor agonist used for the treatment of galactorrhea due to hyperprolactinemia and other prolactin-related conditions, as well as in early Parkinsonian Syndrome. |
| Bromopride | A substituted benzamide, closely related to metoclopramide, used as an antiemetic. |
| Bromperidol | A first-generation butyrophenone antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic manifestations. |
| Brotizolam | A benzodiazepine analogue with sedative-hypnotic properties used for short-term treatment of severe or debilitating insomnia. |
| Budipine | Not Annotated |
| Bufotenine | A hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog or toad skins, mushrooms, higher plants, and mammals, especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics. Bufotenin has been used as a… |
| Bupivacaine | A local anesthetic used in a wide variety of superficial and invasive procedures. |
| Buprenorphine | A partial opioid agonist used for management of severe pain that is not responsive to alternative treatments. Also used for maintenance treatment of opioid addiction. |
| Bupropion | A norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and as an aid to smoking cessation. |
| Buspirone | An anxiolytic agent used for short-term treatment of generalized anxiety and second-line treatment of depression. |
| Butabarbital | A barbiturate drug used as a sedative and hypnotic. |
| Butacaine | Not Annotated |
| Butamben | Anesthesia of mucus membranes other than the eyes. |
| Butobarbital | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| Butorphanol | An opioid agonist-antagonist used to treat moderate to severe pain. |
| Butriptyline | Butriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant which has been used in Europe since 1974. It is the isobutyl side chain homologue of amitriptyline. |
| Butylphthalide | Butylphthalide has been used in trials studying the prevention of Restenosis. |
| Cabergoline | A dopamine receptor agonist used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemic conditions due to various causes. |
| Caffeine | A stimulant present in tea, coffee, cola beverages, analgesic drugs, and agents used to increase alertness. It is also used in to prevent and treat pulmonary complications of premature birth. |
| Canertinib | Investigated for use/treatment in breast cancer and lung cancer. |
| Cannabidiol | An active cannabinoid used as an adjunctive treatment for the management of seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome and symptomatic relief of moderate to severe neuropathic pain or other painful conditions, like cancer. |
| Carbamazepine | An anticonvulsant used to treat various types of seizures and pain resulting from trigeminal neuralgia. |
| Carbamoylcholine | A direct acting miotic agent administered ophthalmically to decrease intraocular pressure after cataract surgery, and to induce miosis during surgery. |
| Carbidopa | A dopa decarboxylase inhibitor used in combination with levodopa for the symptomatic treatment of idiopathic Parkinson disease and other conditions associated with parkinsonian symptoms. |
| Carfentanil | Carfentanil is similar (but more potent) to the opioid analgesic fentanyl. It is used as a tranquilizer for large animals. |
| Carfentanil, C-11 | Carfentanil, C-11 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01899170 (Towards Individualized Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment of Chronic Neuropathic Pain). |
| Cariprazine | An atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and acute manic or mixed episodes due to bipolar I disorder. |
| Carisoprodol | A centrally acting muscle relaxant used to relieve the discomfort associated with various musculoskeletal conditions. |
| Casopitant | Investigated for use/treatment in urinary incontinence and adverse effects (chemotherapy). |
| Cathinone | Cathinone is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat). Closely related to ephedrine, cathine and other amphetamines, it is probably the main contributor to the stimulant effect… |
| Celecoxib | An NSAID used to treat osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain, menstrual symptoms, and to reduce polyps is familial adenomatous polyposis. |
| Cenobamate | A small molecule drug indicated to treat partial onset seizures in adults. |
| Cerebrolysin | A proteolytic protein indicated in the treatment of cerebrovascular disorders. |
| Chloral hydrate | A mild hypnotic used for experimental purposes that was previously used for the treatment of insomnia. |
| Chlordiazepoxide | A benzodiazepine used to treat the withdrawal symptoms of acute alcoholism, to treat preoperative anxiety, and to treat anxiety over a short term period. |
| Chlormezanone | Used in the management of anxiety and in the treatment of muscle spasm. |
| Chloroprocaine | A local anesthetic agent indicated for intrathecal injection in adults for the production of subarachnoid block, spinal anesthesia, or ocular surface anesthesia. |
| Chloroquine | An antimalarial drug used to treat susceptible infections with P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. falciparum. It is also used for second line treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Chlorphenesin | A phenol ether used to treat painful muscular conditions. |
| Chlorproethazine | Not Annotated |
| Chlorpromazine | A phenothiazine antipsychotic used to treat nausea, vomiting, preoperative anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and severe behavioral problems in children. |
| Chlorprothixene | A thioxanthene antipsychotic. |
| Chlorzoxazone | A drug with muscle relaxant properties that is used as an adjunct to physical therapy and analgesics to treat stiffness and pain caused by a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. |
| Choline | A nutrient found in a wide variety of vitamins including pre-natal formulations. |
| Choline magnesium trisalicylate | Choline magnesium trisalicylate is used to reduce pain and inflammation caused by conditions such as arthritis. This medication is also used to treat fever in adults. |
| Cilostazol | An antiplatelet agent and vasodilator used for the symptomatic relief of intermittent claudication. |
| Cinchocaine | An anesthetic used for local or regional anesthesia. |
| Citalopram | A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used in the treatment of depression. |
| Citicoline | An endogenous intermediate in the formation of phosphatidylcholine from choline which is thought to have neuroprotective effects. |
| Clebopride | A dopamine antagonist used to treat symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clebopride may also be used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. |
| Clobazam | A benzodiazepine used as adjunct treatment in seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. |
| Clobutinol | Clobutinol is a cough suppressant that is withdrawn from the US and EU markets. Clobutinol may prolong the QT interval. In 2007, Clobutinol was determined to cause cardiac arrhythmia in… |
| Clomethiazole | Investigated for use/treatment in strokes. |
| Clomipramine | A tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder and disorders with an obsessive-compulsive component, such as depression, schizophrenia, and Tourette’s disorder. |
| Clonazepam | A long-acting benzodiazepine with intermediate onset commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, and seizures. |
| Clonidine | An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used to treat hypertension and severe cancer pain, among other conditions, and to treat withdrawal symptoms from various substances. It is also used to aid in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and to prevent migraines. |
| Clopenthixol | Clopenthixol is a thioxanthene with therapeutic actions similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. It is an antagonist at D1 and D2 dopamine receptors. |
| Clorazepic acid | A benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, partial seizures, and alcohol withdrawal. |
| Clorgiline | An antidepressive agent and monoamine oxidase inhibitor related to PARGYLINE. |
| Clothiapine | An atypical antipsychotic indicated in the treatment of acute psychosis, exacerbations of chronic psychosis, chronic psychosis, paranoid psychosis, and anxiety. |
| Clozapine | An atypical or second-generation antipsychotic drug used in treatment-resistant schizophrenia and to decrease suicide risk in schizophrenic patients. |
| Cocaine | An ester local anesthetic used during diagnostic procedures and surgeries in or through the nasal cavities. |
| Codeine | An opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain when the use of an opioid is indicated. |
| CP-96345 | Not Annotated |
| Cupric sulfate | A compound used as an intravenous copper supplement for Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). |
| Cutamesine | Investigated for use/treatment in strokes and depression. |
| Cyclizine | An antihistamine and antiemetic drug used for the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness, and vertigo. |
| Cyclobenzaprine | A skeletal muscle relaxant that works on the brainstem to treat muscle spasms of local origin. |
| Cyclopropane | Cyclopropane was initially investigated because it was thought to be the toxic element in ethylene. Instead, it turned out to be an excellent anesthetic with very rapid onset and recovery… |
| Daidzin | Not Available |
| Dantrolene | A direct-acting skeletal muscle relaxant used for the treatment of management of the fulminant hypermetabolism of skeletal muscle leading to malignant hyperthermia crisis. |
| Dapiprazole | Used in the treatment of iatrogenically induced mydriasis produced by adrenergic (phenylephrine) or parasympatholytic (tropicamide) agents used in certain eye examinations. |
| Deanol | Deanol is commonly referred to as 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol, dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) or dimethylethanolamine (DMEA). It holds tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups. Deanol has been used in the treatment… |
| Delorazepam | A benzodiazepine used to manage severe anxiety disorders and insomnia. |
| Denatonium | Not Available |
| Deramciclane | Investigated for use/treatment in anxiety disorders. |
| Desflurane | A general inhalation anesthetic for inpatient and outpatient surgery in adults. |
| Desipramine | A tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of depression. |
| Desomorphine | Not Available |
| Desvenlafaxine | An antidepressant agent and SNRI used for the treatment of major depressive disorders in adults. |
| Detomidine | Used as a large animal sedative, primarily in horses. |
| Dexamethasone | A glucocorticoid available in various modes of administration that is used for the treatment of various inflammatory conditions, including bronchial asthma, as well as endocrine and rheumatic disorders. |
| Dexanabinol | Investigated for use/treatment in traumatic brain injuries and neurologic disorders. |
| Dexetimide | A muscarinic antagonist that has been used to treat neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. Benzetimide is the (-)-enantimorph of dexetimide. |
| Dexketoprofen | An NSAID that is the R(-)-enantiomer of racemic ketoprofen with analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties used for the treatment of mild to moderate pain. |
| Dexmedetomidine | An alpha-2 agonist used for sedation during various procedures. |
| Dexmethylphenidate | A norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor used in the treatment of ADHD in conjunction with other therapies. |
| Dexpramipexole | Dexpramipexole is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01511029 (Study to Evaluate the QTC Interval in Healthy Volunteers Dosed With Dexpramipexole (QTC = Electrocardiogram (ECG) Interval Measured From the Onset of… |
| Dextofisopam | Investigated for use/treatment in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). |
| Dextroamphetamine | A sympathomimetic agent used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. |
| Dextromethadone | Dextromethadone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT00588640 (Study of D-Methadone in Patients With Chronic Pain). |
| Dextromethorphan | An NMDA receptor antagonist used to treat cases of dry cough. |
| Dextromoramide | An opioid analgesic structurally related to methadone and used in the treatment of severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1070) |
| Dextropropoxyphene | An opioid analgesic used to treat mild to moderate pain. |
| Dextrorphan | Not Annotated |
| Dezocine | Indicated in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. |
| Diamorphine | An opioid analgesic agent used in the relief of severe pain associated with surgical procedures, myocardial infarction or pain in the terminally ill and for the relief of dyspnea in acute pulmonary edema. |
| Diazepam | A long-acting benzodiazepine with rapid onset commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and seizures. |
| Dibenzepin | Dibenzepin is approved for use in Europe. |
| Diclofenac | An NSAID used to treat the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Diethyl ether | Not Annotated |
| Dihydrocodeine | An opioid analgesic agent used for the management of pain severe enough to require an opioid analgesic and for which alternative treatments are inadequate. |
| Dihydroergotamine | An ergot alkaloid used in the acute treatment of migraine headache and cluster headache. |
| Dihydroetorphine | Not Available |
| Dihydromorphine | Dihydromorphine is an opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe pain relief. |
| Dimemorfan | Not Annotated |
| Dimenhydrinate | A medication used to prevent and treat nausea, vomiting, vertigo, and motion sickness. |
| Dimethyltryptamine | Some people use this compound as a psychedelic inducing agent. |
| Diphenhydramine | A H1 receptor antihistamine used in the treatment of seasonal allergies, and various allergic reactions including sneezing, runny nose, itchy/watery eyes, itching of nose or throat, pruritus, urticaria, insect bites/stings, and allergic rashes. |
| Diphenidol | An antiemetic agent used for the prevention and symptomatic treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with various conditions as Meniere’s disease and surgery of the middle and inner ear. |
| Diphenoxylate | An antidiarrheal medication used with atropine to manage diarrhea. |
| Diprenorphine | Diprenorphine is indicated to reverse the effects of powerful opioids including etorphine and carfentanil, often used for tranquilizing large animals. This drug is not approved for use in humans. |
| Disulfiram | A carbamate derivative used to treat alcohol addiction. |
| Dixyrazine | Not Annotated |
| Dolasetron | An antinauseant and antiemetic used in chemotherapy and postoperatively. |
| Domperidone | A dopamine receptor antagonist used as a peristaltic stimulant and anti-emetic agent for dyspepsia, indigestion, epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. |
| Donepezil | An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to treat the behavioral and cognitive effects of Alzheimer’s Disease and other types of dementia. |
| Doramectin | Doramectin is a veterinary drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of parasites such as gastrointestinal roundworms, lungworms, eyeworms, grubs, sucking lice and mange mites in… |
| Dosulepin | A tricyclic antidepressant commonly used only in patients for whom alternative therapies are ineffective due to its toxicity potential. |
| Doxapram | A short acting respiratory stimulant used to treat acute respiratory insufficiency in COPD patients. |
| Doxepin | A psychotropic agent used for the treatment of depression, anxiety, manic-depressive disorder, and insomnia. |
| Doxifluridine | Doxifluridine has been investigated for the treatment of Stomach Cancer. |
| Doxofylline | A methylxanthine derivative used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchospasms. |
| Doxylamine | An antihistamine used to treat insomnia and allergy symptoms and is used with pyridoxine in the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. |
| DPDPE | A heterodetic cyclic peptide that is a cyclic enkephalin analogue, having D-penicillaminyl residues located at positions 2 and 5, which form the heterocycle via a disulfide bond. |
| Dronabinol | A synthetic delta-9-THC used in the treatment of anorexia and weight loss in HIV patients as well as nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy. |
| Droperidol | A butyrophenone derivative and dopamine antagonist used to prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting. |
| Dropropizine | A peripherally acting cough suppressant. |
| Drotaverine | A phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor used to alleviate gastrointestinal and genitourinary smooth muscle spasms. |
| Drotebanol | Not Available |
| Droxidopa | A medication used to treat symptomatic neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) caused by dopamine beta-hydroxylase deficiency, non-diabetic autonomic neuropathy and primary autonomic failure caused by conditions such as Parkinson’s disease. |
| Duloxetine | A serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor used to treat generalized anxiety disorder, neuropathic pain, osteoarthritis, and stress incontinence. |
| Dyclonine | An topical anesthetic used prior to examination to suppress the gag reflex or for pain relief from canker sores and fever blisters. |
| Ebselen | Ebselen has been investigated for the treatment and basic science of Meniere’s Disease, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. |
| Ecallantide | A kallikrein inhibitor used to prevent and treat acute attacks caused by Hereditary Angioedema (HAE). |
| Ecgonine | Not Available |
| Ecopipam | Ecopipam has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tourette’s Syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan Disease, Pathological Gambling, and Self-injurious Behavior. |
| Edaravone | A free radical scavenger used to delay the progression of ALS. |
| Eliprodil | Eliprodil has been used in trials studying the treatment of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders. |
| Eltanolone | Eltanolone is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02603926 (Treatment of Fragile-X Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) With Allopregnanolone). |
| Emetine | Not Annotated |
| Enadoline | Not Annotated |
| Enflurane | A halogenated inhalational anesthetic agent used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia and for analgesia during labor and delivery. |
| Entacapone | A selective reversible catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. |
| Eperisone | An antispasmodic that functions through voltage-gated channel blockade, notably with little to no sedation, effective in relaxing skeletal muscles and vascular smooth muscles. |
| Ephedrine | An alpha and beta-adrenergic agonist indicated to treat hypotension under anesthesia, allergic conditions, bronchial asthma, and nasal congestion. |
| Epibatidine | Not Available |
| Epigallocatechin gallate | Epigallocatechin gallate has been investigated for the treatment of Hypertension and Diabetic Nephropathy. |
| Erenumab | A calcitonin-gene related peptide antagonist used to prevent migraines. |
| Ergoloid mesylate | A nootropic with an unknown mechanism of action indicated in individuals over sixty who manifest signs and symptoms of an idiopathic decline in mental capacity. |
| Ergotamine | An alpha-1 selective adrenergic agonist vasoconstrictor used to treat migraines with or without aura and cluster headaches. |
| Escitalopram | A selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor used in the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and other select psychiatric disorders such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). |
| Esketamine | A NMDA receptor antagonist used for treatment-resistant depression. |
| Eslicarbazepine acetate | An anticonvulsant agent used as an adjunct to treat partial-onset seizures in patients with inadequate clinical response to conventional antiepileptic therapy. |
| Esmirtazapine | Investigated for use/treatment in insomnia and sleep disorders. |
| Estazolam | A benzodiazepine used for the short-term management of insomnia. |
| Eszopiclone | A sedative-hypnotic used in the treatment of insomnia, improving both the latency phase and the maintenance phase of sleep. |
| Ethacizine | Not Annotated |
| Ethanol | For therapeutic neurolysis of nerves or ganglia for the relief of intractable chronic pain in such conditions as inoperable cancer and trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux), in patients for whom neurosurgical… |
| Ethchlorvynol | A sedative hypnotic agent used for the short-term management of insomnia. |
| Ethosuximide | An anticonvulsant used to treat petit mal seizures. |
| Ethotoin | A hydantoin antiepileptic used to control tonic-clonic and complex partial seizures. |
| Ethyl chloride | A local anesthetic. |
| Ethyl loflazepate | Not Available |
| Ethylmorphine | An opioid analgesic and antitussive agent used to reduce coughs caused by colds and lung infections in combination with codeine. |
| Etidocaine | Etidocaine is marketed under the name Duranest. It is an injectable local anesthetic during surgery, labor, and delivery. Etidocaine has a long duration of activity, but has the main disadvantage… |
| Etifoxine | A benzoxazine class drug primarily used as an anxiolytic, but that also possesses neuroprotective, neuroplastic, and anti-inflammatory properties; these effects are thought to arise due to modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission and neurosteroid synthesis. |
| Etiracetam | Etiracetam is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01137110 (Comparison of Short Duration Levetiracetam to Extended Course for Seizure Prophylaxis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)). |
| Etizolam | A thienodiazepine derivative used to treat anxiety and insomnia. |
| Etomidate | A short-acting intravenous anesthetic indicated for the induction of anesthesia and supplementation of subpotent anesthesia during short operative procedures. |
| Etorphine | Etorphine is only available for its use in veterinary. This main usage is related to the immobilization of large mammals. |
| Eucalyptol | A common ingredient in mouthwash and cosmetics derived naturally from the eucalyptus plant that is frequently used to to improve symptoms of airway mucus hypersecretion. |
| Ezogabine | An antiepileptic agent used as an adjuvant treatment of partial-onset seizures. |
| Fasinumab | A monoclonal antibody targeting nerve growth factor which is under investigation for the treatment of chronic cancer and non-cancer pain. |
| Felbamate | An anticonvulsant used to treat severe epilepsy. |
| Fencamfamin | For the the treatment of depressive fatigue in convalescence and other debilitated states as well as in the treatment of depressive day-time fatigue, lack of concentration and lethargy. |
| Fenethylline | Not Available |
| Fentanyl | An opioid analgesic used in anesthesia, for breakthrough cancer pain, or round the clock pain management. |
| Fluanisone | Not Annotated |
| Fludiazepam | Used for the short-term treatment of anxiety disorders. |
| Flunarizine | A selective calcium-entry blocker used as migraine prophylaxis in patients with severe and frequent episodes who have not responded adequately to more common treatments. |
| Flunitrazepam | A benzodiazepine used to manage anxiety disorders and insomnia. |
| Flunixin | Flunixin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for use in pigs, cattle and horses. It exerts analgesic and antipyretic effects. This drug is often prepared for use in meglumine salt form…. |
| Fluoxetine | A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat major depressive disorder, bulimia, OCD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, panic disorder, and bipolar I. |
| Flupentixol | A thioxanthene neuroleptic used to treat schizophrenia and depression. |
| Fluphenazine | A phenothiazine used to treat patients requiring long-term neuroleptic therapy. |
| Flupirtine | Investigated for use/treatment in fibromyalgia. |
| Flurazepam | A long-acting benzodiazepine with a rapid onset of action that is commonly used to treat insomnia. |
| Flurbiprofen | An NSAID used to treat the signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. |
| Flurothyl | Flurothyl is a convulsant primarily used in experimental animals. It was formerly used to induce convulsions as a alternative to electroshock therapy. |
| Fluspirilene | An antipsychotic agent used in the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| Fluvoxamine | A selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. |
| Fominoben | Fominoben is an antitussive agent. |
| Fosaprepitant | An antiemetic drug used in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy. |
| Fosfructose | A phosphorylated form of fructose indicated in the treatment of hypophosphatemia. |
| Fosphenytoin | An antiepileptic agent used for the management of generalized convulsive status epilepticus and prevention and treatment of seizures occurring during neurosurgery. |
| Fospropofol | A sedative-hypnotic agent indicated for monitored anesthesia care (MAC) sedation in adult patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. |
| Gabapentin | An anticonvulsant medication used in the management of peripheral neuropathic pains, postherpetic neuralgia, and partial-onset seizures. |
| Gaboxadol | Investigated for use/treatment in sleep disorders and insomnia. |
| Gacyclidine | Gacyclidine has been used in trials studying the treatment of Tinnitus. |
| Galantamine | A cholinesterase inhibitor used to manage mild to moderate dementia associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. |
| Galcanezumab | A calcitonin-gene related peptide antagonist used to prevent migraines and treat cluster headaches. |
| gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid | Used as a general anesthetic, to treat conditions such as insomnia, clinical depression, narcolepsy, and alcoholism, and to improve athletic performance. |
| Gepirone | A serotonin receptor agonist used to treat major depressive disorder in adults |
| Ginsenoside Rg1 | Ginsenosides are a class of steroid glycosides, and triterpene saponins, found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). Ginsenosides have been the target of research, as they are viewed as… |
| Glafenine | An anthranilic acid derivative with analgesic properties used for the relief of all types of pain. Glafenine is withdrawn from the American market. |
| Glutethimide | For the treatment of insomnia. |
| Glycopyrronium | An anticholinergic agent used to treat hyperhidrosis, severe drooling, COPD, used with other medications to treat ulcers, and used in anesthesia. |
| Granisetron | A 5HT3 antagonist used to treat nausea and vomiting in cancer therapy and postoperatively. |
| Guacetisal | Not Annotated |
| Halazepam | Used to relieve anxiety, nervousness, and tension associated with anxiety disorders. |
| Haloperidol | An antipsychotic agent used to treat schizophrenia and other psychoses, as well as symptoms of agitation, irritability, and delirium. |
| Halothane | A general inhalation anesthetic used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. |
| Harmaline | Not Annotated |
| Harmine | Not Available |
| Hexobarbital | For the induction of anesthesia prior to the use of other general anesthetic agents and for induction of anesthesia for short surgical, diagnostic, or therapeutic procedures associated with minimal painful… |
| Hopantenic acid | Hopantenic acid (Pantogam) is a central nervous system depressant. Hopantenic acid has a unique spectrum of pharmacological effects (nootropic, anticonvulsant, mild activating) in the absence of addiction, hyperstimulation or withdrawal… |
| Human interleukin-2 | Human interleukin-2 is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03475134 (TIL-ACT After NMA Chemo With IL-2 and Nivo Rescue in mMEL). |
| Huperzine A | Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer’s disease. |
| Hydrocodone | An opioid agonist used as an analgesic and antitussive agent. |
| Hydromorphone | An opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain when the use of an opioid is indicated. |
| Hyoscyamine | An anticholinergic indicated to treat functional gastrointestinal disorders, biliary and renal colic, and acute rhinitis. |
| Hypericin | Hypericin is under investigation for the treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. |
| Ibuprofen | An NSAID and non-selective COX inhibitor used to treat mild-moderate pain, fever, and inflammation. |
| Iloperidone | An atypical antipsychotic agent used for the acute treatment of schizophrenia in adults. |
| Imipramine | A tricyclic antidepressant indicated for the treatment of depression and to reduce childhood enuresis. |
| Indalpine | Indalpine was one of the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors to reach the American market. It was initially marketed by Pharmuka. However, after the emergence of widespread concern regarding adverse… |
| Indiplon | Indiplon has been used in trials studying the treatment of Insomnia and Depression. |
| Indomethacin | A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) used for symptomatic management of chronic musculoskeletal pain conditions and to induce closure of a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants. |
| Ipecac | An emetic agent used to induce vomiting in poisoning. |
| Iprindole | Not Annotated |
| Iproniazid | For the treatment of depression (originally intended to treat tuberculosis). |
| Isoaminile | Isoaminile, an antitussive drug with a structure similar to methadone, is also an anticholinergic with both antimuscarinic and antinicotinic properties. |
| Isocarboxazid | A monoamine oxidase inhibitor used to treat enduring and debilitating symptoms of depression following inadequate clinical response to other antidepressant drugs. |
| Isoflurane | An inhaled general anesthetic used in surgery. |
| Kelatorphan | Not Available |
| Ketamine | A rapid-acting general anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist used for induction of anesthesia diagnostic and surgical procedures typically in combination with a muscle relaxant. |
| Ketazolam | A long-acting benzodiazepine used to manage anxiety and insomnia. |
| Ketobemidone | For the treatment of all types of severe pain, such as postoperative, cancer, kidney stones and fractures. |
| Lacosamide | An antiepileptic drug used to treat partial onset seizures in adults. |
| Lamotrigine | A phenyltriazine antiepileptic used to treat some types of epilepsy and bipolar I disorder. |
| Lemborexant | A dual orexin antagonist indicated for the treatment of sleep-onset and/or sleep maintenance insomnia. |
| Levacetylmethadol | For the treatment and management of opiate dependence. It is sometimes used to treat severe pain in terminal patients. |
| Levallorphan | For the complete or partial reversal of narcotic depression, including respiratory depression, induced by opioids. |
| Levetiracetam | A novel anticonvulsant agent used as an adjunct medication to manage partial onset, myoclonic, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in patients with epilepsy. |
| Levobupivacaine | A drug used for nerve block and anesthesia. |
| Levodopa | A dopamine precursor used in the management of Parkinson’s disease, often in combination with carbidopa, as well as other conditions associated with parkinsonism. |
| Levodropropizine | A peripherally-acting antitussive agent. |
| Levomilnacipran | A selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. |
| Levopropoxyphene | Levopropoxyphene was used as an antitussive. An antitussive is a medication often recommended for the treatment of cough and associated respiratory tract disorders. Its enantiomer, dextropropoxyphene, presents an analgesic effect. |
| Levorphanol | An opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain. |
| Licofelone | For the management of osteoarthritis. |
| Lidocaine | A local anesthetic used in a wide variety of superficial and invasive procedures. |
| Linopirdine | Not Annotated |
| Lisdexamfetamine | A central nervous system (CNS) stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and moderate to severe eating disorders. |
| Lisuride | For the management of Parkinson’s Disease |
| Lithium carbonate | A medication used to treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder. |
| Lithium chloride | An injection indicated for cardiac output measurement. |
| Lofentanil | Lofentanil is an analog of fentanyl and is one of the most potent opioids available today. It displays most similarity to carfentanil (4-carbomethoxyfentanyl) and is considered to be slightly more… |
| Lofepramine | Not Annotated |
| Lofexidine | A centrally acting alpha2-adrenergic agonist used for the symptomatic treatment of acute opioid withdrawal syndrome to facilitate abrupt opioid discontinuation in adults. |
| Loprazolam | Loprazolam is an imidazobenzodiazepine with anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, hypnotic, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia including difficulty in falling asleep and/or frequent… |
| Lorazepam | A short-acting benzodiazepine commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, and seizures. |
| Lormetazepam | A benzodiazepine indicated in the treatment of anxiety and the induction of anesthesia. |
| Loxapine | A antipsychotic used for the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| Lurasidone | An atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. |
| LY-2456302 | Ly2456302 has been used in trials studying the health services research and basic science of Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol Dependence. |
| Lysergic acid diethylamide | Debate continues over the nature and causes of chronic flashbacks. Explanations in terms of LSD physically remaining in the body for months or years after consumption have been discounted by… |
| Magnesium sulfate | A drug used to treat convulsions during pregnancy, nephritis in children, magnesium deficiency, and tetany. |
| Maprotiline | A tetracyclic antidepressant used to treat depressive illness, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and anxiety associated with depression. |
| Maropitant | Maropitant, used as maropitant citrate, is a neurokinin receptor antagonist, which was developed by Zoetis specifically for the treatment of motion sickness and vomiting in dogs. It was approved by… |
| Mazindol | A sympathomimetic used to treat obesity in combination with lifestyle modifications. |
| Mebeverine | An antispasmodic used for the symptomatic treatment of stomach pain and spasms associated with irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal illnesses. |
| Mebicar | Not Annotated |
| Meclizine | A histamine H1 antagonist used to treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness. |
| Meclofenoxate | Not Annotated |
| Medazepam | A long-acting benzodiazepine used for its sedative and anxiolytic properties. |
| Medetomidine | Medetomidine is a synthetic compound used as a surgical anesthetic and analgesic. It is normally found as its hydrochloride salt, medetomidine hydrochloride. Medetomidine is an intravenously available alpha-2 adrenergic agonist…. |
| Mefenamic acid | An NSAID used to treat mild to moderate pain for no more than a week, and primary dysmenorrhea. |
| Megestrol acetate | A progestin that is administered orally to treat anorexia and cachexia or serious unexplained weight loss and is also used as an antineoplastic agent to treat certain types of malignancy. |
| Melatonin | An endogenous hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and when provided exogenously has beneficial effects on sleep-onset latency; available as an over-the-counter supplement. |
| Melevodopa | A methyl ester of levodopa indicated in combination with carbidopa for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. |
| Melitracen | A thioxanthene neuroleptic indicated in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and asthenia. |
| Melperone | An atypical butyrophenone antipsychotic used to treat sleep disorders, confusion, and psychomotor dysfunction associated with geriatric, psychiatric, and alcohol-dependent patients. |
| Memantine | An NMDA receptor antagonist used to treat moderate to severe dementia in Alzheimer’s. |
| Meperidine | An opioid agonist with analgesic and sedative properties used to manage severe pain. |
| Mephenesin | A cresol glyceryl ether used to treat muscle spasticity in Parkinson’s and Multiple Sclerosis. |
| Mephenytoin | A phenylhydantoin used to treat refractory partial epilepsy. |
| Mepivacaine | A local anesthetic used for local or regional analgesia or anesthesia. |
| Meprobamate | An anxiolytic drug used for the short-term management of anxiety symptoms. |
| Meptazinol | Not Annotated |
| Mepyramine | An antihistamine agent used for the symptomatic treatment of allergy, hypersensitivity reactions, and pruritic skin disorders. |
| Mesoridazine | A phenothiazine antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia, organic brain disorders, alcoholism, and psychoneuroses. |
| Metadoxine | A medication used to increase the clearance of alcohol in patients with chronic alcohol dependancy. |
| Metamfetamine | A sympathomimetic agent used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and exogenous obesity. |
| Methadone | An opioid analgesic indicated for management of severe pain that is not responsive to alternative treatments. Also used to aid in detoxification and maintenance treatment of opioid addiction. |
| Methadyl acetate | Used mainly in the treatment of narcotic dependence. |
| Methapyrilene | Methapyrilene, formerly marketed in many drug products, was shown to be a potent carcinogen. Manufacturers voluntarily withdrew methapyriline drug products from the market in May and June 1979. |
| Methaqualone | For the treatment of insomnia, and as a sedative and muscle relaxant. |
| Methocarbamol | A CNS depressant indicated with rest, physical therapy and other treatments to control the discomfort associated with various acute musculoskeletal conditions. |
| Methohexital | An anesthetic used to induce deep sedation. |
| Methotrimeprazine | A phenothiazine used in the management of psychosis, particular those of schizophrenia, and manic phases of bipolar disorder. |
| Methoxyflurane | For use in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia |
| Methsuximide | A succinimide anticonvulsant that increases the seizure threshold. Primarily used for childhood absence seizures. Functions by suppressing paroxysmal spike-and-wave patterns associated with lapses of consciousness in absence seizures. |
| Methylecgonine | Not Available |
| Methylnaltrexone | A μ-opioid antagonist used for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation in palliative patients that are inadequately responding to laxative therapy. |
| Methylphenidate | A stimulant used in the management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). |
| Methylphenobarbital | For the relief of anxiety, tension, and apprehension, also used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of epilepsy. |
| Methylprednisolone | A corticosteroid used to treat inflammation or immune reactions across a variety of organ systems, endocrine conditions, and neoplastic diseases. |
| Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate | A water soluble corticosteroid used to treat severe allergic reactions, dermatologic diseases, endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal diseases, hematological disorders, neoplastic diseases, nervous system conditions, ophthalmic diseases, renal diseases, respiratory diseases, and rheumatic disorders. |
| Metoclopramide | An antiemetic agent and dopamine D2 antagonist used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, prevention of nausea and vomiting, and to stimulate gastric emptying. |
| Metopimazine | Not Annotated |
| Mianserin | A tetracyclic antidepressant with therapeutic activity similar to amitriptyline used to treat depression and anxiety. |
| Midazolam | A short-acting benzodiazepine with rapid onset that is commonly used in seizures, anesthesia and anxiety disorders. |
| Midomafetamine | Clinical trials are now testing the therapeutic potential of MDMA for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and anxiety associated with terminal cancer. MDMA is one of the four most widely used… |
| Milnacipran | A selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used for the treatment of fibromyalgia and a short-term treatment of major depressive disorder. |
| Minaprine | For the treatment of depression |
| Mirtazapine | A tetracyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of major depression and is used off-label as a drug for insomnia and to increase appetite. |
| Mitoxantrone | A chemotherapeutic agent used for the treatment of secondary progressive, progressive relapsing, or worsening relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. |
| Moclobemide | A monoamine oxidase inhibitor used in the treatment of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. |
| Modafinil | A stimulant used to improve wakefulness in patients with sleep apnea, narcolepsy, or shift work disorder. |
| Molindone | An antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia. |
| Morphine | An opioid agonist used for the relief of moderate to severe acute and chronic pain. |
| N-(3-Propylcarbamoyloxirane-2-Carbonyl)-Isoleucyl-Proline | Not Available |
| Nabilone | A synthetic delta-9-THC used in the treatment of anorexia and weight loss in HIV patients as well as nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy. |
| Nabiximols | In Canada, Sativex has received a Notice of Compliance (NOC) for use as an as adjunctive treatment for symptomatic relief of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) who have… |
| Nalbuphine | An opioid agonist-antagonist used to treat pain, for pre and postoperative analgesia, and for analgesia in labor and delivery. |
| Nalmefene | An opioid antagonist used to reduce alcohol consumption in adults with alcohol dependence and treat and prevent opioid overdose. |
| Nalorphine | Used to reverse opioid overdose. |
| Naloxegol | A peripherally-selective opioid antagonist used to treat opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in adult patients with chronic non-cancer pain. |
| Naloxone | An opioid receptor antagonist used to rapidly reverse an opioid overdose. Also included in some drug formulations as an abuse deterrent to prevent injection. |
| Naltrexone | A narcotic antagonist used in opioid overdose. |
| Naproxen | An NSAID used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, tendinitis, bursitis, acute gout, primary dysmenorrhea, and mild to moderate pain. |
| Nefazodone | An antidepressant used in the treatment of depression. |
| Nefiracetam | Nefiracetam has been used in trials studying the treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. |
| Nefopam | A non-opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe pain, especially post-surgical pain. |
| Nepafenac | An ophthalmic NSAID used for the symptomatic treatment of pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. |
| Nialamide | Withdrawn from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in 1963 due to interactions with food products containing tyrosine. |
| Nicergoline | An ergot derivative use for the treatment of symptoms associated with cerebrovascular abnormalities. |
| Nicomorphine | Not Annotated |
| Nikethamide | A nicotinic acid derivative indicated as a respiratory stimulant. |
| Nitrazepam | A long-acting benzodiazepine with intermediate onset commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, insomnia, and seizures. |
| Nitrous oxide | An inhalatory gas used as an adjunct to improve oxygenation and reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in certain neonates with hypoxic respiratory failure. |
| Nizofenone | Not Annotated |
| Norclobazam | Not Annotated |
| Norclozapine | Investigated for use/treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. |
| Nordazepam | A benzodiazepine indicated in the treatment of insomnia. |
| Norflurane | Norflurane is under investigation in clinical trial NCT01673061 (Vapocoolant Spray for Numbing Small Boils Before Incision and Drainage). |
| Normethadone | An opioid antitussive used to treat a cough associated with inflamed mucosa. |
| Nortriptyline | A tricyclic antidepressant used in the treatment of depression. |
| Noscapine | A non-sedating isoquinoline alkaloid used primarily for its antitussive properties. |
| Ohmefentanyl | Ohmefentanyl is an extremely potent opioid analgesic drug which selectively binds to the µ-opioid receptor. The Chinese have recorded ohmefentanyl as having a potency that is 6,300 times morphine. Ohmefentanyl… |
| Olanzapine | An antipsychotic drug used in the management of schizophrenia, bipolar 1 disorder, and agitation associated with these disorders. |
| Olcegepant | For the treatment of migraine headaches. |
| Oliceridine | A biased opioid agonist indicated for the management of severe acute pain in adult patients. Through preferential activation of G-protein-coupled signalling pathways, oliceridine provides analgesic effect with a comparable or improved safety profile over conventional opioid agonists. |
| Olopatadine | A histamine H1 antagonist used to treat allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis. |
| Ondansetron | A serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to prevent nausea and vomiting in cancer chemotherapy and postoperatively. |
| Opicapone | A catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor used as an adjunct treatment for Parkinson’s Disease in adults currently receiving levodopa and a dopa decarboxylase inhibitor. |
| Opipramol | A medication to treat general anxiety and somatoform disorders. |
| Opium | A medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. |
| Orphenadrine | A muscarinic antagonist used as an adjunct for the symptomatic relief of musculoskeletal pain and discomfort. |
| Osanetant | Potential therapy for schizophrenia, depression and visceral pain. |
| Oxaprotiline | Investigated for the treatment of depression. |
| Oxazepam | An intermediate-acting benzodiazepine with slow onset commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, alcohol withdrawals, and insomnia. |
| Oxcarbazepine | An anti-epileptic used in the treatment of partial-onset seizures. |
| Oxeladin | Withdrawn from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in 1976 due to carcinogenicity. |
| Oxiracetam | Not Annotated |
| Oxitriptan | A naturally occurring amino acid that is used to manage post-hypoxic myoclonus. |
| Oxolamine | A medication indicated in the treatment of a cough or upper respiratory tract inflammation. |
| Oxprenolol | A non-selective beta-adrenergic antagonist used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety. |
| Oxybuprocaine | A local anesthetic used in ophthalmology. |
| Oxycodone | An opioid used in the management of moderate to severe pain. |
| Oxymorphone | An opioid analgesic used in the management of moderate-to-severe pain and for analgesic therapies. |
| Padsevonil | Padsevonil is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03695094 (A Study in Participants With Epilepsy, to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of Oxcarbazepine on Padsevonil). |
| Paliperidone | An atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other schizoaffective or delusional disorders. |
| Palmidrol | A cannabinoid receptor-inactive eCB-related molecule used as prophylactic in helping to prevent respiratory viral infection. Palmidrol is available for human use as a supplement (400 mg capsules) and as food… |
| Palonosetron | A serotonin antagonist used in the prophylaxis or management of vomiting that results from emetogenic chemotherapy, and for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. |
| Paraldehyde | A central nervous system depressant previously used to control convulsions due to various clinical causes, including tetanus, status epilepticus, and convulsive drugs. |
| Paroxetine | A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat major depressive disorder, panic disorder, OCD, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, the vasomotor symptoms of menopause, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. |
| Pemoline | A central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that was previously used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. |
| Penfluridol | Not Annotated |
| Pentazocine | An analgesic used to treat moderate to severe pain. |
| Pentetrazol | A cough suppressant. |
| Pentobarbital | A barbiturate drug used to induce sleep, cause sedation, and control certain types of seizures. |
| Pentoxyverine | A medication used to suppress a cough in the common cold, flu, bronchitis, and sinusitis. |
| Peppermint oil | An ingredient used in a variety of natural health products and is not an approved medication. |
| Perazine | A phenothiazine antipsychotic used in the acute and chronic treatment of psychotic disorders. |
| Perospirone | For the treatment of schizophrenia and acute cases of bipolar mania. |
| Perphenazine | A phenothiazine used to treat schizophrenia as well as nausea and vomiting. |
| Phenacetin | Used principally as an analgesic. |
| Phenazocine | Not Annotated |
| Phencyclidine | A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to ketamine in structure and in many of its effects. Like… |
| Phendimetrazine | A sympathomimetic amine used as adjunct therapy for the short term management of exogenous obesity. |
| Phenelzine | A monoamine oxidase inhibitor used to treat atypical, nonendogenous, or neurotic depression. |
| Phenethylamine | Not Available |
| Pheneturide | Not Annotated |
| Phenibut | Not Annotated |
| Phenmetrazine | Used as an anorectic in the treatment of obesity. |
| Phenobarbital | A long-lasting barbiturate and anticonvulsant used in the treatment of all types of seizures, except for absent seizures. |
| Phenoperidine | Not Annotated |
| Phenoxyethanol | An antiseptic used as a hand disinfectant or preservative in medications. |
| Phentermine | A sympathomimetic anorectic agent used as a short-term adjunct therapy that is included in a regimen of weight reduction in cases of exogenous obesity. |
| Phenytoin | An anticonvulsant drug used in the prophylaxis and control of various types of seizures. |
| Pholcodine | An opioid antitussive used to suppress unproductive coughing. |
| Picrotoxin | Used internally for relieving respiratory distress. Also for use as an antidote in poisoning by CNS depressants, especially barbiturates. |
| Pimavanserin | A second generation atypical antipsychotic used for the treatment of hallucinations and delusions caused by Parkinson’s Disease. |
| Pimozide | An antipsychotic used to manage debilitating motor and phonic tics in patients with Tourette’s Disorder. |
| Pinazepam | A benzodiazepine indicated in the treatment of anxiety and severe insomnia. |
| Pipamperone | Treatment of chronic psychoses and states of aggressiveness of various origins . |
| Pipazethate | For the treatment of cough. |
| Pipequaline | Pipequaline is an anticonflict & anticonvulsant quinoline derivative. It is an anxiolytic drug that was never marketed. It presents a unique chemical structure that does not follow the structural properties… |
| Piracetam | A nootropic cyclic GABA derivative used in myoclonus, sickle cell disease, alcohol dependence, and as a general cognitive enhancer. |
| Piribedil | A dopamine agonist used with or without levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. |
| Piritramide | A synthetic opioid used in the treatment of severe pain. |
| Pirlindole | For the treatment of major depression. It is being studied in the treatment of fibromyalgia pain syndrome. One study determined that the effect of pirlindole on sensorimotor performance while driving… |
| Pizotifen | A serotonin and tryptamine antagonist indicated for migraine prophylaxis. |
| Pramipexole | A non-ergot dopamine agonist used to treat the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). |
| Pramocaine | A local anesthetic and antipruritic agent found in various topical preparations. |
| Prazepam | A benzodiazepine used to manage more severe forms of anxiety disorders. |
| Pregabalin | An anticonvulsant drug used to treat neuropathic pain conditions and fibromyalgia, and for the treatment of partial onset seizures in combination with other anticonvulsants. |
| Prilocaine | A local anesthetic used in dental procedures. |
| Primidone | An antiepileptic used to treat grand mal, psychomotor, and focal epileptic seizures. |
| Procaine | A local anesthetic used for anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal nerve block. |
| Prochlorperazine | A phenothiazine derivative used in the treatment of schizophrenia and anxiety and to relieve severe nausea and vomiting. |
| Procyclidine | An antispasmodic drug used to treat parkinsonism of various types and in the treatment of extrapyramidal symptoms. |
| Progabide | Indicated for the treatment of epilepsy. |
| Prolintane | Not Annotated |
| Promazine | A phenothiazine used to manage schizophrenia. |
| Propacetamol | Propacetamol is a paracetamol prodrug of intravenous administration used to control fever and pain of perioperative period in multimodal analgesia therapy. |
| Propanidid | An intravenous anesthetic that has been used for rapid induction of anesthesia and for maintenance of anesthesia of short duration. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p918) |
| Proparacaine | A topical anesthetic used for ophthalmic practice. |
| Propentofylline | Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer’s disease. |
| Propofol | A medication used in general anesthesia and for sedation. |
| Propoxycaine | Propoxycaine is a local anesthetic medication. It was used beginning in the 1950s during dental procedures . It has been combined with procaine to accelerate its onset of action and… |
| Proquazone | Not Annotated |
| Protriptyline | A tricyclic antidepressant that is indicated in the treatment of depression only under close clinical supervision. |
| Proxibarbal | Proxibarbal is a derivative of barbiturates, which has been used to treat migraines. Proxibarbal was approved in France but was withdrawn from the market due to the risk of inducing… |
| Psilocybin | Psilocybin has been investigated for the treatment of Anxiety and Stage IV Melanoma. In November, 2019, it was granted Breakthrough Therapy status by the FDA. |
| Pyrazolam | Not Annotated |
| Quazepam | A long-acting benzodiazepine used to manage insomnia. |
| Quetiapine | A psychotropic agent used for the management of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and major depressive disorder. |
| Quinine | An alkaloid used to treat uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. |
| Quinisocaine | Not Annotated |
| Raclopride | Raclopride has been used in trials studying Parkinson Disease. |
| Ramosetron | A selective 5-HT3 antagonist used as an antiemetic for chemotherapy- and postoperative-associated nausea and vomiting. It may also possess efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome. |
| Rasagiline | An irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase used for the symptomatic management of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease as initial monotherapy and as adjunct therapy to levodopa. |
| Reboxetine | A drug used for the acute treatment of major depression and for maintenance therapy of depression. |
| Remacemide | Investigated for use/treatment in epilepsy, huntington’s disease, and parkinson’s disease. |
| Remifentanil | An opioid analgesic used in anesthesia. |
| Remoxipride | An discontinued atypical antipsychotic selective for dopamine D2 receptors. |
| Reserpine | For the treatment of hypertension |
| RI 624 | Investigated for use/treatment in pain (acute or chronic). |
| Riluzole | A glutamate antagonist used to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. |
| Risperidone | A second-generation antipsychotic medication used to treat a number of mental health disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar mania, psychosis, or as an adjunct in severe depression. |
| Ritanserin | Ritanserin has been used in trials studying the treatment of Cocaine-Related Disorders. |
| Rivastigmine | A cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat mild to moderate dementia in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. |
| Rolipram | A phosphodiesterase inhibitor with antidepressant properties. |
| Romifidine | Romifidine is a veterinary drug utilized as a sedative primarily in large animals, most frequently horses. It is also used less commonly in a wide variety of other animal species…. |
| Ropinirole | A non-ergoline dopamine agonist used to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and Restless Legs Syndrome. |
| Ropivacaine | An amide-type local anesthetic used for local or regional anesthesia during surgery and for short-term management of acute pain. |
| Rufinamide | An antiepileptic drug used as adjunctive therapy to treat seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (LGS). |
| S-Ethylisothiourea | S-Ethylisothiourea is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. |
| S-Nitrosoglutathione | Not Annotated |
| Salvinorin A | Salvinorin A has been investigated for the basic science of Pharmaceutical Preparations. |
| Samarium (153Sm) lexidronam | A chelated complex of samarium isotope and EDTMP that concentrates in areas with high bone turnover such as sites of metastases to relieve pain associated with osteoblastic metastatic bone lesions. |
| Samidorphan | A novel opioid-system modulator, similar to naltrexone, that functions primarily as a μ-opioid receptor antagonist in vivo and is used primarily in combination with antipsychotics to reduce their metabolic dysfunction-associated adverse effects. |
| Scopolamine | A belladonna alkaloid with anticholinergic effects indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). |
| Secobarbital | A barbiturate used for the short-term treatment of insomnia. |
| Selegiline | A monoamine oxidase inhibitor used to treat major depressive disorder and Parkinson’s. |
| Sepranolone | Sepranolone has been investigated for the treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. |
| Serdexmethylphenidate | A prodrug of the CNS stimulant dexmethylphenidate used as a first-line treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). |
| Sertindole | An atypical antipsychotic indicated in the treatment of schizophrenia. |
| Sertraline | A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) indicated to treat major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder and many other psychiatric conditions. |
| Sevoflurane | A inhalation anaesthetic agent used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia during surgical procedures. |
| SGS-742 | Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer’s disease, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), memory loss, and schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. |
| Sibutramine | A norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitor indicated to assist with weight loss in obesity. |
| Sodium oxybate | A central nervous system depressant used to treat cataplexy and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) associated with narcolepsy. |
| Solriamfetol | Solriamfetol is indicated for treatment of daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea and narcolepsy, but is not a treatment for the underlying airway obstruction in apnea patients[FDA Label][A176534,A176744]. |
| SP-8203 | SP-8203 has been used in trials studying the treatment of Ischemic Stroke. |
| Spiperone | Spiperone is a dopamine antagonist that binds dopamine and serotonin receptors. |
| Spiradoline | Spiradoline has been investigated for the basic science of Bipolar Depression. |
| Stiripentol | An antiepileptic agent used in combination with other anticonvulsants to treat seizures associated with Dravet syndrome. |
| Strychnine | Not Annotated |
| Sufentanil | An opioid used to induce and maintain anesthesia, to act as an analgesic in labor and delivery, and to treat severe, acute pain. |
| Sulpiride | A selective D2 dopamine receptor antagonist indicated to treat chronic and acute schizophrenia. |
| Sulthiame | A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor used primarily in benign focal epilepsies of childhood that may be useful as an adjunct therapy in a variety of other refractory epilepsies. |
| Sultopride | Sultopride is used in Japan, Hong Kong, and Europe to treat schizophrenia. It is of the drug class atypical antipsychotics . |
| Suvorexant | A orexin receptor antagonist used to treat insomnia that is characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance. |
| Tacrine | An anticholinesterase drug used for the management of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms. |
| Tandospirone | Tandospirone has been used in trials studying the treatment of Schizophrenia. |
| Tanezumab | Tanezumab has been investigated for the treatment of Osteoarthritis, Knee and Neuralgia, Postherpetic. |
| Tapentadol | An opioid used to manage severe pain that has not responded to non-opioid medications, and for which opioid analgesic therapy is appropriate. |
| Tarenflurbil | Investigated for use/treatment in alzheimer’s disease and prostate cancer. |
| Teceleukin | Teceleukin is under investigation in clinical trial NCT03610490 (Autologous Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes MDA-TIL in Treating Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Ovarian Cancer, Osteosarcoma, or Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma). |
| Temazepam | A short-acting benzodiazepine commonly used to treat panic disorders, severe anxiety, and insomnia. |
| Tempol | Tempol has been used in trials studying the treatment of Anal Cancer. |
| Tenamfetamine | An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons… |
| Tenocyclidine | Because of its high affinity for the phencyclidine binding site on the NMDA receptor, the 3H radiolabelled form of tenocyclidine is widely used in research into NMDA receptors. |
| Tetracaine | A local anaesthetic agent used to induce local analgesia in the eyes and skin during medical procedures. |
| Tetrahydropalmatine | Tetrahydropalmatine is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02118610 (Treatment of Schizophrenia With L-tetrahydropalmatine (l-THP): a Novel Dopamine Antagonist With Anti-inflammatory and Antiprotozoal Activity). |
| Tetrazepam | Not Annotated |
| Tetrodotoxin | For the treatment of chronic and breakthrough pain in advanced cancer patients as well as for the treatment of opioid dependence. |
| Thiamylal | Used for the production of complete anaesthesia of short duration, for the induction of general anaesthesia, and for inducing a hypnotic state. |
| Thiethylperazine | A drug used for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. |
| Thiopental | A barbiturate used to induce general anesthesia, treat convulsions, and reduce intracranial pressure. |
| Thioridazine | A phenothiazine antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia and generalized anxiety disorder. |
| Thiosalicylic acid | Not Annotated |
| Thiothixene | An antipsychotic indicated for the management of schizophrenia. |
| Tiagabine | An antiepileptic used to treat partial seizures. |
| Tianeptine | An atypical tricyclic antidepressant with antidepressant and anxiolytic effects primarily used to treat major depressive disorder. |
| Tiapride | A dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist indicated in the treatment of chorea in Huntington’s disease, as well as agitation and anxiety in the elderly or with acute or chronic alcoholism. |
| Tilavonemab | Not Annotated |
| Tiletamine | This drug is a dissociative anesthetic agent that falls under the drug category of NMDA receptor antagonists. Tiletamine is chemically similar to another dissociative anesthetic, ketamine. Tiletamine hydrochloride, the salt… |
| Tilidine | A synthetic opioid indicated in the treatment of severe pain. |
| Tiracizine | Not Annotated |
| Tirilazad | Tirilazad has been used in trials studying the treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. |
| Tizanidine | An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used for the short-term treatment of muscle spasticity. |
| Tofisopam | For the treatment of anxiety and alcohol withdrawal. |
| Tolcapone | A catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor used as adjunct therapy in the symptomatic management of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. |
| Tolfenamic acid | In the information for tolfenamic acid, it is stated that this drug, being an NSAID, is effective in treating the pain associated with the acute attack of migraines in adults. |
| Toloxatone | For the treatment of major depressive disorder. |
| Tolperisone | A muscle relaxant used to relieve spasticity after stroke in adults. |
| Topiramate | An anticonvulsant drug used in the control of epilepsy and in the prophylaxis and treatment of migraines. |
| Tramadol | A centrally-acting opioid agonist and SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor) used for the management of moderate to severe pain in adults. |
| Tramiprosate | Investigated for use/treatment in strokes and alzheimer’s disease. |
| Tranylcypromine | A monoamine oxidase inhibitor used to treat major depressive disorder. |
| Trazodone | A serotonin uptake inhibitor used to treat major depressive disorder. |
| Triazolam | A benzodiazepine used for short term treatment of insomnia. |
| Tricaine | Tricaine (as tricaine methanesulfonate) is white powder used for anesthesia, sedation, or euthanasia of fish. It is also the only anesthetic licensed in the United States for use in fin… |
| Trichloroethylene | Trichloroethylene is a halocarbon commonly used as an industrial solvent, not to be confused with the similar 1,1,1-trichloroethane, also known as chlorothene. It has been sold under a variety of… |
| Trifluoperazine | A phenothiazine used to treat depression, anxiety, and agitation. |
| Trifluperidol | Not Annotated |
| Triflupromazine | Used mainly in the management of psychoses. Also used to control nausea and vomiting. |
| Trihexyphenidyl | An antispasmodic drug used as an adjunct drug in the management of parkinsonism and as a treatment for extrapyramidal symptoms caused by drugs affecting the central nervous system (CNS). |
| Trimethadione | An anticonvulsant agent indicated for the control of treatment-refractory petit mal seizures. |
| Trimethaphan | For the controlled reduction of blood pressure during surgery and in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies. |
| Trimethobenzamide | An antiemetic used to treat postoperative nausea and vomiting and nausea associated with gastroenteritis. |
| Trimipramine | A tricyclic antidepressant used to treat depression. |
| Tropisetron | A 5HT-3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. |
| Tryptophan | An amino acid commonly found as a component of total parenteral nutrition. |
| Urethane | Urethane, formerly marketed as an inactive ingredient in Profenil injection, was determined to be carcinogenic and was removed from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in 1963. |
| Valproic acid | An anticonvulsant used to control complex partial seizures and both simple and complex absence seizures. |
| Valpromide | A valproic acid derivative used to treat epilepsy and as adjunct therapy for psychomotor agitation, depression, and manic episodes of bipolar disorder. |
| Vapreotide | For the treatment of esophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic liver disease and has also shown efficacy in the treatment of patients with AIDS-related diarrhea. |
| Vasoactive intestinal peptide | Not Annotated |
| Venlafaxine | A selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) used for the treatment of major depression, generalized or social anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. |
| Veralipride | Not Annotated |
| Vigabatrin | An irreversible GABA transaminase inhibitor used as an adjunct therapy to treat refractory complex partial seizures in patients ≥2 years unresponsive to alternatives. May also be used as monotherapy to treat infantile spasms in infants 1 month to 2 years. |
| Vilazodone | An antidepressant agent used for the treatment of major depressive disorder that targets the 5-HT transporter and 5-HT1A receptors. |
| Viloxazine | A selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults in children. |
| Vinpocetine | A synthetic derivative of a vinca alkaloid used to treat neurological symptoms of cerebrovascular disease. |
| Vinyl ether | Not Annotated |
| Vofopitant | Vofopitant has been used in trials studying the treatment of PTSD, Primary Insomnia, and Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders. |
| Vortioxetine | A serotonin modulating antidepressant indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). |
| WIN 55212-2 | WIN 55,212-2 is a chemical described as an aminoalkylindole derivative, which produces effects similar to those of cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but has an entirely different chemical structure. It… |
| Xanomeline | Xanomeline is under investigation in clinical trial NCT02831231 (Pilot Study Comparing Effects of Xanomeline Alone to Xanomeline Plus Trospium). |
| Xenon | Not Annotated |
| Xylazine | A non-opioid and clonidine analog with analgesic and muscle relaxant properties used as a tranquilizer used in veterinary medicine. |
| Y-27632 | Y-27632 is an inhibitor of Rho-associated protein kinase. It inhibits calcium sensitization to affect smooth muscle relaxation. |
| Z-Val-Ala-Asp fluoromethyl ketone | Non-methylated, competitive, and irreversible inhibitor of caspase 1, as well as other caspases,1 which can be used directly with purified enzymes. It does not require an esterase to hydrolyze the… |
| Zaleplon | A sedative used for short term treatment of insomnia in adults. |
| Ziconotide | An N-type calcium channel antagonist used to manage patients with severe chronic pain who cannot tolerate, or who have not responded adequately to other treatments such as intrathecal morphine and systemic analgesics. |
| Zipeprol | Not Annotated |
| Ziprasidone | An atypical antipsychotic used to manage schizophrenia, bipolar mania, and agitation in patients with schizophrenia. |
| ZK-93423 | ZK-93423 is a beta-carboline with muscle relaxant activity with agonistic properties at the benzodiazepine receptor. |
| Zolazepam | Zolazepam is a pyrazolodiazepinone derivative used as an anaesthetic in veterinary medicine. Zolazepam is typically used in combination with the NMDA antagonist tiletamine or the α2 adrenoceptor agonist xylazine. It… |
| Zolpidem | A sedative hypnotic used for the short-term treatment of insomnia to improve sleep latency. |
| Zonisamide | A sulfonamide anticonvulsant used to treat partial seizures. |
| Zopiclone | A nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic used for the short-term management of insomnia. |
| Zotepine | Zotepine, like other atypical antipsychotics, is considered as the first-line treatment in newly diagnosed schizophrenia. It is usually thought to be an option of choice for managing acute schizophrenic episodes… |
| Zuclopenthixol | An antipsychotic indicated for the management of schizophrenia. The acuphase formulation is indicated for initial treatment of acute psychosis or exacerbation of psychosis, while the depot formulation is best for maintenance. |