t(11;14) — oncology-focused definition
t(11;14)(q13;q32) is a reciprocal chromosomal translocation between chromosome 11 and chromosome 14, resulting in the CCND1–IgH fusion gene.
- Chromosomes involved:
- 11q13 → CCND1 (Cyclin D1) gene
- 14q32 → IgH (immunoglobulin heavy chain) locus
Oncology relevance:
- Places Cyclin D1 under the control of the IgH enhancer, causing overexpression of Cyclin D1.
- Cyclin D1 drives cell cycle progression from G1 → S phase, leading to uncontrolled proliferation.
- Found mainly in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Clinical significance (for oncology pharmacists):
- Diagnostic marker: t(11;14) is a hallmark of mantle cell lymphoma, detected by FISH or karyotyping.
- Prognostic relevance: Helps in risk stratification and treatment planning.
- Therapeutic relevance: While Cyclin D1 itself is not directly targetable, it informs chemoimmunotherapy regimens, and some MCL patients may receive BTK inhibitors (e.g., ibrutinib).
Key takeaway:
t(11;14) drives Cyclin D1 overexpression in mantle cell lymphoma, making it an important diagnostic and prognostic marker, though not directly targetable like kinase fusions.
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