Leukocoria literally means “white pupil” (from Greek: leuko = white, kore = pupil). It is an abnormal white reflex seen in the pupil when light is shone into the eye (instead of the normal red reflex).
Oncologic Relevance
- Most important red flag for intraocular malignancy in children, especially Retinoblastoma (the most common primary intraocular pediatric cancer).
- Early detection of leukocoria can be life- and vision-saving.
Other Causes (Differential Diagnosis)
- Retinoblastoma (oncology priority).
- Congenital cataract.
- Coats disease (retinal vascular disorder).
- Persistent fetal vasculature.
- Toxocariasis (parasitic infection).
Oncology Pharmacist Perspective
- Clinical Significance: Leukocoria in a child should always raise suspicion of retinoblastoma until proven otherwise.
- Treatment Implications:
- Retinoblastoma management may involve systemic chemotherapy (vincristine, etoposide, carboplatin), intra-arterial chemotherapy (melphalan, topotecan), focal laser therapy, or enucleation depending on disease extent.
- Pharmacists are involved in dosing adjustments, toxicity monitoring, and supporting multidisciplinary care.
Pearl for oncology practice:
When you hear “leukocoria” → think retinoblastoma first (until excluded), especially in pediatrics.
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