It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count due to the immune system producing antibodies that attack and destroy platelets, which are essential for normal blood clotting. This leads to increased risk of bleeding, easy bruising, petechiae (small red or purple spots on the skin), and mucosal bleeding.
There are two main forms of ITP:
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Acute ITP: Mostly affects children, often triggered by viral infections, and usually resolves within 2 to 6 months.
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Chronic ITP: More common in adults, lasts longer than 6 months, and can be persistent or recurring.
Diagnosis involves excluding other causes of thrombocytopenia. Treatment varies by severity and may include corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, immunosuppressants, splenectomy, or newer therapies. Patients should avoid medications that affect platelet function (e.g., aspirin, NSAIDs) to reduce bleeding risk