Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug used to treat various types of cancer. It belongs to a class of medications called antimetabolites (Pyrimidine analog), which interfere with DNA synthesis and replication, ultimately inhibiting cancer cell growth.
Key Facts About Gemcitabine:
- Generic Name: Gemcitabine
- Brand Names: Gemzar®, others
- Administration: Given intravenously (IV) in a hospital or clinic
Common Uses:
Gemcitabine is used to treat several cancers, including:
- Pancreatic cancer (often in combination with other drugs like nab-paclitaxel)
- Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
- Breast cancer (metastatic)
- Bladder cancer (advanced cases)
- Ovarian cancer (in some cases)
Mechanism of action:
Gemcitabine is classified as an antimetabolite, specifically a nucleoside analog. It works by interfering with DNA synthesis in rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells. It gets incorporated into DNA during replication and stops the cell from completing the replication process, leading to cell death.
Side Effects:
Common side effects include:
- Myelosuppression
- Fatigue
- Nausea & vomiting
- Fever or flu-like symptoms
- Hair thinning
- Liver enzyme abnormalities
Important Considerations:
- Monitoring: Blood tests are required to check for low blood counts and liver function.
- Pregnancy: Harmful to unborn babies; contraception is recommended.
- Interactions: May interact with other medications, including live vaccines.
Synonyms
Gemzar