Core binding factor (CBF) refers to a transcription factor complex that plays a critical role in the normal development of blood cells (hematopoiesis). It consists of two subunits:
- CBFα (RUNX1) – a DNA-binding protein.
- CBFβ – a non-DNA-binding partner that enhances the function of RUNX1.
In AML, core binding factor leukemias are a subset characterized by specific chromosomal translocations that disrupt the CBF complex:
- t(8;21)(q22;q22) – producing RUNX1-RUNX1T1 fusion.
- inv(16)(p13q22) or t(16;16) – producing CBFB-MYH11 fusion.
These abnormalities impair normal hematopoiesis and contribute to leukemogenesis. CBF-AML typically has a favorable prognosis with appropriate treatment.